Fibrous ring and method of making the same.



A. HQBOGANI.

FIBROUS RING AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME.

APPLICATION FILED reams. 1908.

f 1 25 u Patented July 13, 19 15.

facture of such rings.

ARTHUR H. BOGANI, or JERSEY crry, 'nnw JERSEY.

FIBROUS RING AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July13, 1915.

Application filed February 25, 1908. Serial No. 417,658.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ARTHUR H. BOGANI, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Jersey City, in the county of Hudson and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Fibrous Rings and Methods of Making the Same, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to the manufacture of fibrous rings of the type widely used in the various practised arts of today. For instance, rings of this type, that is to say, fibrous rings, are and may be employed 1n bufling and polishing machines by slipping or placing the rings on the periphery of a suitable wheel, the ring, of course, formlng the bufling or polishing surface. Or a suitable number of such rings may be strung upon a shaft or roll to form a roller covered with fibrous material. A roller of this character is especially well adapted for use in connection with paper-making and analogous machinery. In fact, there are many and various uses to which these rings may be applied, in addition to those mentioned above merely by way of illustration, and therefore I wish my invention to be understood as relating broadly to the method of -manufacturing fibrous rings and to the article, the fibrous ring itself, irrespective of the use to which it is put.

in the manufacture of my improved ring I usually employ wool or felt as the material for the body, although any other suitable material may be used.

One of the objects of my invention is to form an endless fibrous ring, the working surface of which is formed of the ends of the strands or fiber.

Another object is the economical manu- 111 the accompanying drawings Figure 1 is a face view of a ring embracing my improvements: Fig. 2 is a sectional view on the line 22 of Fig. 1.

'Heretofore in the manufacture of endless fibrous rings of this general type it has been customary to form a ring wherein the fiber extended circumferentially, the resultbeing that the wearing abilities of such a ring are not equal to one wherein the fibers are on end or extend angularly to a radius. Furthermore, in the operation of manufacturing endless fibrous rings, that is to say, by

endless I mean one wherein the, ring is not formed or completed by means of r oint, it

has been the custom to take the wool, for instance, as it runs from the carding machine, and cut the same into circles or disks of suitable diameter. These disks or circles are then steamed and passed into a hardenmg process and subjected to treatment therein to reduce the disk to a certain thickness. Subsequently, the disks or circles were passed to the fulling machine where they underwent the shrinking or pounding process for several hours in the operation of felting. Subsequently, the central portion of the body of the ring was died or cut out until a ring of predetermined diameter was. formed. In the practice of this art prior to my invention it has been considered impracticable to remove the center from the ring prior to the fulling or felting process for the reason that when the material was passed to the fulling machine the terrific pounding to which the disks or bodies are subjected would tend to distort the ring out of all shape and resemblance and render it useless. This old process-of manufacturing felt rings involved a great expense for "the reason that a high-priced material such as wool, is generally used in the manufacture. After the disk has been hardened and fulled,

or felted, the central portion which was died or cut therefrom was useless for any further purpose as it could not be broken up and used again in the manufacture of other rings. The central portion cut from the ring usually, if not always, formed the greater partof the disk; that is to say, contained the greatest amount of material, and as, owing to the fact that this removed portion could' not be again used in the manufacture of rings because of the felting process it had undergone, it will be,

in the other disks until a sufficient amount of material is had to make a ring of the de sired thickness. These. are steamed and afterward taken to the hardening press or machine and reduced to a certain thickness. Up to this point the process followed is the same as above recited as in the usual practice. At thisjpoint ll depart from the usual practice in a radical manner, by cutting the center from the ring. In cutting the center i at this time it will be noted that the material so removed has. not been felted or fulled and the portion removed may be torn up again 'witha picking machine or other means, and

' used in the manufacture of other rings, as l may put the material ofthe central portion so torn up in with a batchof wool and run the same through the carding machine 1 again. After removing the center from the v at the time stated I sew theinner pcrip cry and the outer periphery of each ring, the cord employed for this purpose being a stout twine or cord which tends to give'rigidity and support to the mug and prevents the splitting of the ring in the subsequent process. I then take a plurality of these rings and bind or tie the same together with a suitable binding, such as muslin strips. Therings are then placed in the falling machine and fulled or pounded for several hours.

Du'ring the process of fulling, as the material of theseveral rings bound together begins to be pounded into a single or homogeneous ring I remove the muslin binding and-also the cords of the individual rings, as the article has been sufliciently hardened 'to undergo subsequent processes without bindings. After the ring has been Suficiently fulled it is removed and as it comes from the fulling machineis in a somewhat irregular or distorted form; that is to say, the edges may be uneven and the ring may not approach a true circle. I then slip or straighten or render the same true while the core on the inside acts as an anvil whereby 3 the inner, side of the ring is trued. I might Y ripheries of the rings all around. After the state here that the core with the rings is free to revolve or turn when in the machine, so that the action of the hammer gradually turns the same and strikes the outer perings have been so treated a suficient length of time the core with the rings thereon is removed from the pounding machine and the rings slipped ofi the core. In order to insure that the rings may be made perfectly true I then place an inner ring of iron, or other suitable material, of a size approximately equal in-the inner diameter of the ring, and

then place the ring within an outer band. or

me an molding ring so that when this is done the felt ring is'held between two metallic or, what may be termed, molding rings. The molding rin s with the ring-being manufactured is then placed in a suitable press, preferably a hydraulic press, and pressure exerted thereon to complete the formation of the ring. After the ring has been in the press a suficient length of time it is removed and forced frombetween the molding rings. At this time the ring is complete and of desired size. The only step necessary then being that usually employed in the manufacture of rings, that is to say, the grinding thereof.

A ring manufactured as above described, and the method of manufacturing the same possesses manifest advantages over the methods heretofore employed and the rings .made by such methods, so far as my experience is concerned.

I believe myself to be the first to make an endless fibrous ringwherein the fiber extends angularly into the periphery instead of running circumferentially, and wherein the center material removed from the ring may be employed again in the manufacture of other rings, the reasons being as above explained, that the center has not been treated to such a point as to" render the'material hard and incapable for being broken up for use in future rings. By having the fibers run at various angles to a radius the wearing surface of the ring will hold or retain the polishing materials to greater advantage than when the fibers run peripherally, as the material will be held between the ends of the fibers. Furthermore, such a ring is more durable than one where the fibers run circumferentially, as the wear is on the ends of the fibers instead of along the sides thereof. Furthermore, by my method of manufacture I am enabled to obtain a perfectly true ring, of desired size and weight, and by the method herein followed the liability of spoiling rings is much less than in the old way.

I might add here, by way of further explanation, that the fibers in the completed ring extend at various angles to a radius of the ring instead of peripherally for the reason that as the material, such as wool,

comes from the carding machine it is in long films or sheets, as-is well known, and is wrapped at the machine upon a roll. The sheets of raw wool aredrawn ofi' from this roll on a table when preparing to manufacture a ring, and a circular late or disk placed upon thesheet and the olr'cle of wood cut therefrom. Of course this cutting severs the fibers transversely and as my entire process maintains the fibers in this original position, the complete ring has the fibers extending angularly to a radius as above described.

Various modifications maybe made in the method hereinbefore described. For instance, the ring may be sewn along its outer periphery before the center is cut therefrom; and, instead of sewing, other means may be adopted for. holding the shape of the ring during the further operations. Still other modifications will no doubt occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of my invention.

Having thus described'my invention, what I claim isz 1. An article of manufacture comprising a ring consisting of a plurality of layers of carded fibrous material superposed one upon another, the fibers of each layer arranged parallel to themselves, and the layers so ar ranged with respect to each other that the fibers of one are angularly disposed to those of others, whereby the ends of the fibers make the working face of the ring.

2'. An article of manufacture comprising an endless homogeneous ring made of a plurality of layers of carded fibrous material superposed one upon another, the fibers of each layer arranged parallel to themselves, and the layers so arranged with respect to each other that the fibers of one are angularly disposed to those of others, whereby the ends of the fibers make the working face of the ring. I

3. The method of making fibrous rings consisting in cutting pieces of the required dimensions from fibrous material as it comes from the carding machine, placing the pieces 7 the pieces one upon another, then binding the same along its outer periphery, then cutting the center therefrom, then binding the inner periphery, and then fulling and felting the same.

5. The method of maln'ng fibrous rings consisting in cuttin pieces of the required dimensions from' brous materials as it comes from the carding machine, then placing the pieces one upon another, then steaming and hardening the same, then cutting the center therefrom, then binding the ring to hold it in shape, and afterward fulling dimensions from .fibrous material as it comes from the carding machine, then placing the pieces one upon another, then steaming and hardening the same, then partially 7 binding it, thencutting the center there comes from the carding machine, then placing the pieces one upon another, then steaming and hardening the same, then partially binding it, then cutting the center therefrom, then completing the binding to secure rigidity thereto, and then fulling, felting and molding the same.

8. The method of making fibrous rings, which consists in cutting pieces of suitable dimensions from fibrous materials as it comes from carding machines, placing said pieces one upon another so that the fibers of one piece are disposed at various angles to those of the adjoining pieces, steaming and hardening said pieces, cutting the center therefrom, binding said pieces to hold their shape, and then fulling and felting the same.

9; The method of making fibrous rings which consists in cutting pieces of suitable dimensions from fibrous material as it comes-from carding machines, placing said pieces together so that the fibersiof one of' said pieces are disposed at various angles to those of the others of'said pieces and to one radius of the ring, steaming and hardening said pieces, cutting'the center therefrom, and then fulling and felting the same. i

10. The method of making fibrous rings which consists in cutting pieces of suitable dimensions from raw fibrous material, su-

' perimposing said pieces one upon the other so that the fibers of one of said pieces are disposed at various angles to those of the others of said pieces, steaming and'hardening said pieces, cutting the center there from, binding the same to hold the shape of a ring, and then fulling and felting the same. Y

11. The method ,of making fibrous rings consisting in cutting pieces of the required dimensions from fibrous material as it comes from the carding machine, then placing the pieces one upon another so that the fibers of one piece are disposed angularly to those of others, then steaming and hardening the same, then cutting the center therefrom,then binding the same to hold the shape, and afterward fulling and felting the same.

12. The method of making endlessrings consisting in cutting pieces of the required dimensions from raw fibrous material, then superposing the pieces one upon another, then steaming and hardening the same, then cutting the center therefrom,'then binding the same to give rigidity thereto,"then fulling and felting the same, and then removing the binding, and molding the same into circular form.

13. The herein described method of maksame, removing the central portion of thematerial to form a ring, securing a plurality of said rings together, then subjecting the same to the action of a fulling or pounding machine, then subjecting said ring to the step ofbringing the ring into approximately circular form, then placing said ring between an interior and exterior mold and subjecting the same to pressure.

15. The herein described method of making fibrous rings, which consists in cutting a suitable piece of material from a body of fibrous material, steaming and hardening the same, removing a portion of the material at the center of the piece to form a ring, then subjecting said ring to the action of a fulling or pounding machine, then placing said ring upon a suitable interior support and subjecting the same to the process of bringing the ring to approximately circular form, then molding said ring. 7

16. The herein described method of making fibrous rings, which consists in cutting a suitable piece of material from a body of fibrous material, steaming and hardening the same, removing the central portion of the material to form a ring, sewing the inner periphery and outer periphery of each maeaae ring to give rigidity thereto, then binding a plurality of said rings together, then subj ecting the same to the action of a tulling or pounding machine, then removing the hindings securing the plurality of rings and also the cords of the individual rings,then subjecting said ring to the step of bringing it into approximately circular form, then placing said ring between an interior and exterior mold and subjecting the same to pressure. a

17. The herein described method of malting fibrousrings, which consists in cutting a suitable piece of material from a body of fibrous material, steaming and hardening the same, removing the central portion of the material to form a ring, sewing the inner periphery and outer periphery of each ring to give rigidity thereto, then binding a plurality of said rings together, then subjecting the same to the action of a tulling or pounding machine, then removing the bindings securing the plurality of rings and also the cords of the individual rings, then slipping the ring upon a suitable core and placing the same in a fullingor pounding machine and hammering its outer peripheries into approximately circular form, then placing said ring between an inner molding ring and an outer -molding ring and subjecting the same therebetween to. pressure.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ARTHUR H. BOGANJL Witnesses RICHARD B. CAVANAGH, T. E. HARDENBERGH, Jr. 

